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Oesophageal cancer: treatment

So, after finding out that cancer is there, and that it’s inoperable, what is the treatment?

Chemotherapy. It hasn’t started yet, but at the moment the plan is that I will have three rounds of three weeks of a triple-prescription known as ECF. One of those will be on a continuously pumped drip, so I shall have to wear a pack around my waist and have a PICC line fitted. At the end of the third round, we’ll do another CT scan to see whether the tumour has shrunk, and if things are going well, we’ll do another three rounds. I’ll be on a drip for up to 18 weeks.

But before any of this happens, I have to undergo yet more tests. Specifically, my kidney function has to be checked to ensure it is good enough for the cisplatin, one of the three ECF drugs.

Also, they have to get rid of the obstructive jaundice that has just appeared. When I started going yellow, I was seriously worried as cancer spreading to the liver is a very bad sign indeed, and jaundice is a sign of liver malfunction. But I have other signs (pale stools and dark urine), which strongly indicated this other form of jaundice, and an ultrasound scan yesterday confirmed that my bile duct was unusually enlarged, and probably blocked. An endoscopy is the normal treatment.

So, with a little luck and a fair wind I hope my treatment will start next week.

However, it hasn’t all been grim. Yesterday’s ultrasound scan was quite funny as they had just installed a brand new, state of the art machine that day, and the rep was there to help the radiologist find her way around it. But it was new. It didn’t work like the other one. Its controls were too sensitive, the screen too dark, and buttons weren’t where she expected to find them. She sounded like a slightly petulant manager whose laptop upgrade had moved all his icons and replaced his mouse with one that didn’t have any fluff in it, so that it actually worked properly.

“But I hate switching machines all the time,” grumbled the radiologist, trying to find a reasonable thing to complain about.

“You won’t have to once I change all the machines in the department,” growled the rep, and the conversation was over. Wonderful stuff! You couldn’t make it up. Gillian and I both laughed, but we managed to wait until we were in the car going home.

Oesophageal cancer: prognosis

Yesterday I left you with the news that I had been diagnosed with oesophageal cancer. The most pressing questions at that point are:

  1. how bad is it? and
  2. can it be treated or even cured?

Answering the first question is called staging. In my case the initial test was a CT scan to determine whether the cancer had spread, and if so, how far. I had the CT scan scheduled eight days later, and an appointment the following morning for an endoscopic ultrasound examination. The two tests combined were to give 95% confidence levels for the exact diagnosis. Laparoscopy and a PET scan later would complete the diagnosis. The entire book of diagnostic tools seemed to be at my disposal.

In the event the CT scan was enough to give 100% confidence. The cancer had spread to my lymph nodes, not only to the regional lymph nodes around my stomach, but also to more distant ones down next to my spine. That puts the cancer at stage M1. For oesophageal cancer that means that it isn’t worth attempting surgery, as the outcomes with surgery and chemo/radio therapy for patients at that stage are no better than for those who don’t have surgery. The bright spot is that the cancer hadn’t spread to my other internal organs, which all seemed healthy.

Nevertheless, treatment options were now more limited. The chemotherapy is intended to reduce the size of the cancer and improve my quality of life. It is not expected to remove it entirely, although that can happen in a very small number of cases. I was told that my life expectancy is about 24 months with the chemotherapy.

This happened on Wednesday, 23 December.

Two days before Christmas.

Gillian and I did not have a good Christmas. (Understatement!) Fortunately my mood has improved considerably since then, otherwise I don’t think I could have found the motivation to write this.

Tomorrow I’ll write about the treatment, as far as I can. After that I intend to start writing about my reactions and plans. Please come along for the ride.

Oesophageal cancer: diagnosis

They say you should always start a story in the middle, and boy did this one start that way!

I was initially diagnosed with oesophageal cancer on 14 December 2009. But it took over four months from the time I first noticed something wrong until I got the diagnosis. I’ll tell that story today, then I’ll write about the prognosis tomorrow and the treatment the next day.

Now that I have my diagnosis, I can pinpoint the start of the journey to mid-August, when I first visited my GP complaining that I was beginning to have trouble swallowing. At this, and at every subsequent visit I was palpated to find a sore spot — nothing particular — any jaundice? — no — loss of weight? — not more than expected from eating less — loss of appetite? — hard to separate from feeling full, but I wasn’t turning my nose up at food, so probably not. “Give it two weeks,” the GP said, “it’ll probably go away on its own.”

It didn’t, so I returned a fortnight later, went through the same routine with a different GP (it’s a group practice, so I might see any one of a few doctors at any visit) and came away with a tentative diagnosis of acid reflux and a prescription for a reflux suppressant.

Four weeks later the pain was worse, so the next visit’s prescription was for a small dose of a proton pump inhibitor. That stopped the acid stomach cold. But I was also given a Choose and Book appointment with a Gastro-Enterologist.

Sidebar: for those not in the UK, Choose and Book is a system in the NHS where you get the right to make an appointment with a specialist at a hospital. You can make your choice on whatever criterion you like, but one common trade-off, as it was in my case, is between proximity and earliness.

I chose the earliest appointment available, one hour’s travel away, for 16 November 2009. Meanwhile the PPIs were working fine, controlling any annoyance from the excess acid in my stomach. At this point the working hypothesis was that I probably had an ulcer.

The specialist asked the same questions, and got the same answers, but also took blood samples. As he could find nothing, he said that he would make an appointment for an endoscopy to see what he could see. I asked whether there was anything else he was considering. The endoscopy would allow him to rule out oesophageal cancer, he said. I noticed in his notes that he had requested the endoscopy appointment within 14 days.

12 days later my endoscopy appointment notice arrived, for 14 December. The accompanying notes said to stop taking my PPIs two weeks before the procedure. I went in panic to see my GP, who explained that if I were to carry on taking them, and the endoscopy found nothing to explain the acid, then nothing could be ruled out. If I could manage with just the reflux suppressant, then the endoscopy would be more valuable. That was a bad moment.

However, I had changed my diet after reading about ulcers and acid stomachs, and the new way I was eating helped considerably. The intervening two weeks were slightly uncomfortable, but perfectly bearable.

On the day itself Gillian, my wife, came with me in order to drive me home. An endoscopy involves putting a tube down the throat, which can trigger the gag reflex, so a sedative is often used. I have a strong gag reflex, so I was fairly sure I’d need the sedative, as indeed I did.

The specialist — the same one I saw earlier — was very busy that day, and things were running late. I wasn’t the last patient, so he was a little rushed when he saw me after I had recovered a bit from the effects of the sedative. Gillian was with me when he gave me the bad news. He made it clear that there was little doubt about the diagnosis and explained what would likely happen next. Just before leaving he said that he had other patients to see, but that we could wait and talk to him afterwards if we wanted to. I don’t remember this, but Gillian does. I’m not surprised, as I was still recovering from the effects of the sedative. We left straight away, in somewhat of a state of shock, so we didn’t talk again to the specialist.

This sounds a little like an account of a system gone wrong. It’s certainly not meant to be. Everyone I dealt with examined me carefully and diligently. Up until the diagnosis itself, there was little reason to think that cancer was the most probable explanation of my symptoms. The GPs at my surgery were particularly shocked, I understand, but on reviewing the case could not see that they had missed anything. I believe them. I was happy. My appetite was fine as far as I could tell. I had lost a little weight, but I wasn’t concerned about it as I was overweight tending to obese anyway. I had no signs of jaundice.

Tomorrow I’ll write about the tests that led to my prognosis.

Tagged

I blocked Phorm

The Open Rights Group today asked me to block Phorm from my website. As I hate the intrusion into people’s privacy that the Phorm system represents, I was happy to do so. Follow the link to see how to block Phorm/Webwise from your own sites, and to find other suggestions about how you too can express your displeasure to BT and Phorm/Webwise.

Tagged

The porta-booth revealed

Porta-booth

Porta-booth

As requested, here is a picture of my porta-booth.

I have been using it for most of my recordings recently, which I do in the larder. It’s not a great room for recording, as it has far too many hard, reflective surfaces in it, but the porta-booth does a good job of damping down the echoes and liveliness of the room.

Why do I use the larder? It’s the only room in the house where the (loud) sounds of the passing traffic don’t penetrate (very much). I still have to contend with the fridge and the boiler, but Noise Removal in Audacity does a fair job of dealing with those. And it’ll only be the fridge in summer.

A compromise, but one I can live with for the moment.

My new porta-booth

Spectra of plain vs. porta-booth recordings

Spectra of plain vs. porta-booth recordings

I built a porta-booth the other day, and was agog to test it out. I made two recordings in very similar, horribly challenging, conditions. For both of the recordings I was within 10 feet of a fridge whose motor was running, and I could hear vehicles passing outside the house. Each recording has a maximum (peak) level of -3.1 dB. Although I didn’t use exactly the same text for each recording, I did say roughly similar things, and I did try to keep my speaking voice about the same for both recordings.

I listened to both recordings, and I was surprised by how “dead” the porta-booth version sounded compared to the other recording. I wanted to see whether I could understand what was happening, so I made a graph of the spectrum of each recording. The blue line in the graph represents the spectrum with the microphone placed outside the porta-booth, while the red line represents the microphone in the porta-booth.

I can see three distinct areas in each curve. The first area, on the left up to about 700 Hz, is the highestand has a sharp peak. The second area, 700-9100 Hz, wiggles around a very gently falling line. The final area, from 9100 Hz on the right, falls faster, but more smoothly.

I don’t really know how to interpret this pair of curves, or whether they even explain the differences in the qualities of the two recordings. Let’s look at the differences in each area, and see whether I can make anything of them.

In the first area, the porta-booth recording peaks much higher than the plain one. That means its lower frequencies are stronger than those in the plain recording. Certainly, the porta-booth recording sounds deeper overall. Wikipedia says that the typical adult male’s fundamental voice frequency is between 85-155 Hz, which falls well within this area. I don’t have an especially high nor an especially deep voice, so I’ll assume that my fundamental vocal frequency is about 120 Hz. I can easily cover two octaves, probably more. 2.5 octaves is equivalent to multiplying by 2x2x1.4=5.6. 5.6×120=768. I’m going to guess that this first area represents the fundamental frequencies of my voice. The fridge might well operate in this area too, however, but I’ve just checked the spectrum for a section of audio in which I’m not speaking, and it’s nowhere near as high as the parts where I am speaking, even in this area of the spectrum. I think that rules out any fridge theory.

Next I’ll look at the area on the right, from 9100 Hz up. I think that represents mostly noise. Looking closely, the smoother lines here fall at two different rates, changing at about 16400 Hz. I suspect that the microphone responds less to these higher frequencies, hence the faster fall-off. The porta-booth is much quieter than the plain recording in this region, probably contributing quite a lot to the deadness of the sound.

Finally, the middle region probably represents the harmonics of the voice, which gives it its unique colour. Again the porta-booth version is lower than the plain one, meaning that the plain one has a higher proportion of high frequencies, contributing this time I think to the difference in the timbre of my voice between the two recordings.

The upshot is, I think, that I can recover some of the brightness of tone that I think has gone by boosting some of the middle frequencies using EQ. Time for some experimentation, I think…

Tom Brown’s School Days is finished

I have just finished the recording of Tom Brown’s School Days that I have been doing for LibriVox. This is my first solo project, and I’m very pleased with it. Now that I’ve finished, though, perhaps it’s time to think about what the book meant to me.

I remembered the book from the 1970’s BBC TV series that I watched as a child. I particularly remembered the scene where Flashman, the school bully, roasts Tom in front of an open fire. But although the struggle against a bullying culture is a large part of the book’s message, I was surprised to realize that it’s main message was the growth of a normal, English boy into an English man.

The opening chapters deal with Tom’s early childhood, and describe country life in the Vale of the White Horse. The people we see there are held up as examples of good, honest working folk, the best that England can produce. The author certainly does not approve of modern customs.

Tom is sent to Rugby, a public school, and we find that he is no better than average at his lessons, but masterful at getting into and out of trouble: he comes home late after a long run; he falls foul of a gamekeeper and a local farmer; and he is involved in a famous fight. The School’s headmaster despairs of him, but he hatches a plan to pair Tom with a “good” boy who will need his protection, and so we meet George Arthur.

For me, this is where the book loses a great deal of its fun. It becomes a catalogue of virtuous behaviour as Tom learns to try properly at his lessons instead of using a crib, to pray nightly as he was taught, and to value honesty and “Christian” manliness. My strong impression is that this second part of the book represents the meat of what Thomas Hughes has to say to us. I found it more than a little priggish and proselytising, and was made distinctly uncomfortable by the overtly Christian message. For instance, one of the scenes that had the greatest effect on Tom was talking with Arthur , who had narrowly survived a bout of fever. The dream that Arthur recounts isn’t at all subtle in its portrayal of Christian ideals, and yet it strongly affected Tom. It would have had me sticking two fingers down my throat if I’d been in Tom’s position.

Nevertheless, I am glad I did re-visit this book. I now have a much deeper appreciation of what it really is. And most importantly, I have a deep pride in what I have made.

Wankers

Via Conscientious I saw this poster. I can’t imagine what good the police think it will do. The number of false positives alone is likely to use up a huge amount of time. Perhaps the perpetrator of the campaign should be indicted for wasting police time.

Allow me to clarify. How many terrorists are there in Great Britain? One hundred? One thousand? I don’t know, but 1000 seems on the high side. How many of them would be stupid enough to use a camera suspiciously and openly? Now ask yourself how many busybodies, or even public spirited citizens who have been scared by the Government’s misguided demonization of Muslims, will think they have seen something suspicious that should be reported. Every day. It’ll be chaos. I give it a month for the problems to become evident, and six months before they abandon the campaign. It’ll only be that long to save someone’s face.

What a farce!

Fanny Hill

Fanny Hill is a famous, nay notorious, novel by John Cleland, whose heroine is a self-described woman of pleasure. The edition I read was the LibriVox audio version, recorded by multiple readers in the early part of 2006. It is the story of a young girl (she is no more than 20 years old at the end of the novel) who falls into “bad” ways. She tells her tale very explicitly, and it seems that the novel was the first widely read book in the English Language that was labelled erotica. At the end of the story, however, Fanny chooses the path of virtue, citing her pleasure in her vices as a measure of how good it is to be virtuous!

Erotica, my arse! This is pornography plain and simple. The characters barely attain two dimensions, even Fanny herself. Most are thin and sketchy, and little more than caricatures. Good characters are all uniformly good looking, and give Fanny a good time sexually, while bad characters are ugly, and they bore and pain her. Worst of all, to my mind, is Fanny’s intolerance of male homosexuality, even though she is thwarted in her attempts to have the only two men she ever sees together arrested for their “crime”.

I didn’t like this book at all. I finished it, just. I made the effort to finish it in tribute to the LibriVox readers who volunteered their time, and partly also because it is so well known that there must be something to it. I kept hoping that there would be more to the book than mere titillation, but the story finished before the quality arrived. My loss. Don’t let it be yours. This book is a warning that notoriety is not a good reason to read a book.

Verdict: no (and only just escaped being a NO).

Chaos Theory

Graham Masterton’s novel Chaos Theory is a thriller whose protagonist, stunt man Noah Flynn, becomes caught up in a puzzling series of murders that appear to be related to a medallion he found while diving. With the aid of a female colleague, whose skills seem frankly improbable, and a privately funded peace envoy and her staff, he tracks down the murderers and tackles them in his own unique way.

This is a pot-boiler, as you might guess from my synopsis. It was a lot of fun, and kept me turning the page, but it certainly wasn’t very substantial fare. The plot went slightly beyond the line of credibility, the characters weren’t caricatures but neither were they fully rounded, but the situations were amusing. I’m glad I borrowed it from the library rather than buying it, but I don’t regret the short time I spent reading it.

Verdict: yes.