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Libel reform

In April 2008 Simon Singh published an article in the Guardian in which he explored the use of Chiropractic to treat, amongst other things, childhood asthma. The British Chiropractic Association (BCA) took issue with the article, and refused to be satisfied with an offer to print a counter to it. Instead, citing a “substantial evidence supporting the claim they make on their website that their members can help treat children with colic, sleeping and feeding problems, frequent ear infections, asthma and prolonged crying (Beware the spinal trap, page 26, April 19),” they decided to sue Simon personally for defamation.

Even if he won, it would likely cost Simon £50,ooo, but if he lost the costs could easily be ten times that. Simon felt that the matter was one of public interest, and after taking legal advice decided to fight the case. In May 2009 the judge made a ruling that hurt Simon’s case, saying that a key statement in the article was one of fact, and not of comment. This made the case a lot harder to defend. Simon chose to go to the Court of Appeal, his least worst option, where he would argue that the judge misconstrued his article. That raised the costs even higher.

Britain is renowned as having the most libel-friendly laws in the world. It is easy for organizations to threaten individuals with a libel suit that will be expensive to win and more expensive to lose. It makes it hard even to question an organization that might be responsible for bad science. That is not something I want Britain to be famous for. Nor am I alone. Simon is being supported by a charitable organization called Sense about Science, with a web site where you can also read  full details of his case.

You can help

The best thing we can do to help is to get the political parties to make a manifesto commitment to reform libel law. A petition has been started in an attempt to raise at least 100,000 signatures, and let politicians know that we demand reform. Remember:

All that is necessary for bad science to triumph is that good politicians do nothing.

Don’t give them any excuse to do nothing. Sign the petition.

Coming out of purdah

purdah, n, esp. formerly, in Hindu and Muslim communities, the seclusion of women from the sight of strangers. [Chambers]

Chemotherapy drugs are very powerful. Not only do they attack the cancer, which is good, but they also attack the entire body, including the immune system. The doctors told us that it’s very important to keep a careful eye on how my body is responding to the treatment. Part of that care is ensuring that I come into contact with as few bugs and illnesses as possible, as it is hard for me to fight them off, and they can potentially be very dangerous, even something as apparently trivial as the common cold. I took seriously what I was told, but I didn’t think too much about the implications until I noticed that my body was reacting in a different way to cuts, bruises, and a cold sore.

First, I have had a cold sore for nearly ten days now, despite treating it with aciclovir four or five times per day, from as soon as I noticed the tingling in my lip. I am used to getting cold sores, with one breaking out every year or so, usually when I get a bit run down. Normally the aciclovir would get rid of it in two or three days, or if I left it too long before starting the treatment, then it took a maximum of five days. This time it’s taking a lot longer. Thankfully the treatment is working and the cold sore has almost gone now. It will be nice to be able to kiss Gillian once again. That’s the incentive for continuing the treatment so carefully!

Second, I’ve noticed that the skin on my hands seems a little more prone to splitting. Maybe it’s because I’m being more rigorous about washing my hands, but they don’t seem to be that dry. The skin just splits spontaneously. Normally these splits would heal in a day or two, without any help. Now, however, I find that I need the help of an antiseptic, which does the job nicely.

Third, I’ve caught my lip between my teeth when chewing, and now I keep catching it. Not hard enough to break the skin, but maybe enough to bruise it a little, and make it swell a bit.  The only way I’ve found to stop catching it is to pout while eating. What a sight that must be! But it’s such an odd thing to do that I forget, and every now and again I catch it again. I am chewing less forcefully, so I hope it’ll heal properly. I’ve been given a strong mouthwash to help prevent mouth infections, and I think that is probably helping out too. And speaking of strong, the mouthwash is so powerful that I lose sensation in my tongue for about 15 minutes after slooshing and gargling. It was quite disturbing the first time it happened, but I’m getting used to it now. I can tell it’s doing some good at any rate.

Finally, I’m under instructions to take my temperature at least twice and sometimes three times per day. So far it has stayed below 37 C, so all is well. If it goes above 38 C then I need to call the doctor straight away. They were quite serious too, so I’ve been really good about it.

Tomorrow will be my last day of purdah for this cycle. On Wednesday I’ll get my bag of 5-FU changed, and on Thursday I’ll celebrate leaving purdah, when I meet friends for coffee. I’m really looking forward to it.

Images of my tumour

When I had my CT scan before Christmas I asked whether it would be possible to have copies of the images. I was very pleased to find that, yes, it was possible, although it might take a couple of weeks to get it onto a CD. The original plan was to hand the CD to me when I visited the hospital, but the snow intervened to prevent a physical handover. In the end I asked for the CD to be posted, and it arrived this morning.

There are a total of around 250 pictures, corresponding to slices through my body. It has been nearly a month since the consultant interpreted these images for me, so my memory of what was said may not be accurate. I’m only going to include a few images of the tumour site itself, because I’m not confident enough to be able to pinpoint the enlarged lymph nodes.

Here we can see my spine and ribs in bright white and the interior of my lungs shows black because they are full of air. Roughly in the centre of the image there is a ring of grey surrounding a black hole. The black hole is the inside of my oesophagus, while the grey ring is the wall of the oesophagus itself.

In this second image, you can see that the wall of the oesophagus is much thicker than in the previous image, and the inside is therefore much narrower. That is the reason that I’ve had difficulty swallowing. This is the upper end of the tumour.

In this final image you can see a circular grey region just above the spine, and on the other side of that there is an approximately triangular region about the same colour as the grey circle. That triangular region is the part of the tumour that is in my stomach, which is the darker grey region that contains the triangle. The dark grey is the pint of water I had to drink before they did the scan. The black at the top of my stomach is the air in it where the water didn’t quite fill my stomach.

These are just three of the images, the ones I felt reasonably confident that I remember their interpretation. I was shown the enlarged lymph nodes, both the regional ones (those near my stomach) and the others. I was also shown that my major organs appear to be unaffected so far. I hope that that state of affairs will continue. In fact, I am quite hopeful that the chemotherapy is already reducing the size and effects of the tumour, as I am feeling far better now than I was even last week.

The next CT scan will be done after the end of the third cycle of chemotherapy, in about two months. I’ll ask if I can have copies of those images too, as it will be extremely interesting to do the comparison.

Diet and cooking

By Gillian

Right from the initial diagnosis, we’ve been told by all the healthcare professionals (consultants, specialist nurses, dietician) that it’s vitally important for Chris to avoid losing more weight than he can possibly help. Essentially, we need to take normal dieting rules, and invert them – so he needs snacks between meals, desserts, no low-fat anything etc.  We were told to make sure that every mouthful counts, by fortifying each meal with cream, cheese etc. In my last supermarket shop I bought double cream, single cream, soured cream, creme fraiche, yoghurt and cream cheese, with the aim of slipping a couple of tablespoons of at least one of them into each and every meal. However, it’s never as easy as that…..

The main problem we’ve been having recently is his sickness, which killed his appetite. And he also has physical trouble eating certain foods due to the location of the tumour – basically anything which needs a knife to eat it with is too difficult. But on top of that is the fact that for the past nearly 20 years, Chris has done almost all the cooking in our house. He’s very good at it – I wouldn’t say the cooking was the reason I married him, but it was certainly a consideration! I, on the other hand, am an inexperienced, uninterested and reluctant cook. But since Chris had the stent fitted he has been too ill to do his usual duties in the kitchen – it was down to me to keep him fed. And I only had two recipes in my limited repertoire that he could eat – cottage pie and baked fish. So no wonder that I “snapped inside” (his words!) when he refused to eat what I’d prepared.

But then last weekend we had a major breakthrough. Some friends of ours gave Chris a book for his birthday – “Healthy eating during chemotherapy” by van Mil and Archer-Mackenzie. It’s been an absolute revelation. It’s full of quick, nutritious and (importantly for me) easy-to-cook recipes that have been specially designed for the smaller, capricious appetite of a chemotherapy patient. I got Chris to go through it last weekend with a pad of Post-It notes, marking those recipes he thought he might like. I’ve then been cooking from it all week, making a main course and dessert each night, and Chris has been wolfing them down.  So a huge thanks to Richard and Fabienne for having the inspiration to go looking for such a cookbook – we hadn’t even considered that such a thing might exist. Now that he’s eating better, and his vomiting is more under control, he’s got so much more energy and oomph which is a real pleasure to see. And even better, he’s feeling well enough tonight to cook dinner!

On vomiting

I’m becoming concerned that I may have given the misleading impression that dealing with cancer is a bed of roses. While I have been able to find a lot to be positive about, there are some things that are simply unpleasant and have to be borne. Regular vomiting is probably my number one bugbear at the moment, so I think it’s worth looking at in a bit more detail. Don’t worry, taste and decorum will be preserved at all times.

I knew, as I think everyone does, that chemotherapy makes you sick. But that just wasn’t true for me. I was fine while the cisplatin, normally the principal offender, was being administered. It was the stent that made me sick. Having the stent inserted meant that bile started flowing from my liver again, into my intestines, as it was meant to. Unfortunately, constipation meant that it couldn’t flow in the normal direction, so it just pooled in my stomach. I am certain that the main purpose of bile is to make you feel sick, … very sick. After a few hours it builds up so much that I can hardly concentrate on anything except the need to hold my stomach’s contents down. But the effort is always in vain. The bile needs to leave, and nothing is going to stop it. Eating a single mouthful of food triggers the vomiting, and it is vile: bitter, brown, oily and acidic. After it went I felt much better, but eating was then the last thing on my mind. I lost weight fast, which was ironic considering how long I’ve tried to diet my way slimmer.

That state of affairs lasted for a while. It started before my first chemo session (otherwise known as my birthday) and continued until the Friday after I returned home from the chemo (otherwise known as my psychotic episode). On that Friday Gillian had slaved over a baked Sea Bass, of which she was justifiably very proud. I took my customary single bite, threw up, and looked miserable. I think Gillian must have snapped inside, as I certainly would have done if I had worked hard at cooking something delicious only to have it turned down after a single mouthful.

“Now you’ve thrown up, you can get back to your meal,” she said, quite kindly I thought, in the circumstances.

y stomach was definitely not sure, but I thought I ought to try. I took a tentative mouthful. It was delicious. I watched my stomach. It watched me back. I could tell, it had that look about it. After a while, the sulky stomach decided that the fish was not too objectionable. I took another bite, this time of the mash and spring onion. The stomach let that one pass too. My pace accelerated, and before long the plate was clear. Well, that was a surprise! But surely this benign state of affairs couldn’t last, could it? Surely stomach would realize that it had been tricked. But no, stomach was now full and happier than it had been in a long while. I had just finished my first proper meal for days, and I was delighted.

Gillian must, of course, take the credit. Twice. First for cooking such a good meal that I was actually tempted to carry on eating after I had thrown up. Second for encouraging me to try again when I didn’t think it would be worth it. Now I know that I can eat an entire meal after I’ve thrown up, with no ill effects whatsoever. That tactic has worked well for me for the last week, and I have used it at least once per day. There is even a bonus: I can take my pills after the meal, knowing that I won’t lose them straight away. It’s a huge relief not to have to wonder any more whether I can take a replacement pill after the first one was thrown up.

The lesson to take away is that there is even something positive about vomiting. My stomach may act like a toddler prone to tantrums, but a little firm handling will make it behave, even when it is distracted by vile bile.

On taking a shower

What could be so hard about taking a shower, you ask. Normally I’d agree with you but right now I have a permanent drip feeding into my arm. It is driven by an ambulatory pump, which sits in a small waist pack attached to a belt. The pump feeds into a PICC, which is a semi-permanently installed tube running into my arm at the elbow, up over the shoulder and emptying into a large vein in my chest. The difficulty is caused by needing to keep both the pump and the entry gubbins clean and dry.

As you can imagine, I’ve gone through several design iterations to solve these problems. The arm turns out to be relatively easy to waterproof. I simply wrap my arm from wrist to biceps in cling film, and tape down the seams using micropore. That works pretty well. At least no water has got in so far. The only complication is that I prefer to wrap my arm myself, which is harder than having someone else do it, but my independence is important to me. It allows Gillian to have more of her own life. She gets little enough of that at the moment that I don’t want to encroach on it any more than I absolutely have to. But I’ve mastered the art of the dry arm, and am now flying solo.

The pump problem

The pump, on the other hand, is still not a 100% solved problem. The first idea was to hang it from a wire coat hanger outside the shower stall. Well, it certainly kept the pump dry. I did have to shower with my left arm vertically raised, all the time (picture a rather over-keen schoolboy yearning to answer the teacher’s question) meaning I could wash only with my right hand. I can reach most places with that hand, but not my right armpit. Maybe I could stand on tip toes, get Gillian to hold the pump a bit higher to give me more manoeuvring room, and yes! I gave said armpit a quick wash. Verdict: clean, eventually, but too tiring and inflexible.

Second attempt

We bought some largeish ziplock bags, put the pump in and closed the seal. We taped around the tube where it appeared at the corner of the ziplock. That seemed pretty good, but we put it in a second bag, just for extra safety. I carried the bag while I was in the shower. True, I had to sit down so that I could put the bag on the floor, but I had a lot more manoeuverability, so it was a definite advance. Still not perfect. More experimentation needed.

Final attempts

I wanted to free up my left hand, as it would make washing that much easier. The double bag method was working well, so we kept that. The idea was to try to tie a length of paracord to the bag so that I could simply hang the bag over my shoulder. We had a few goes at this, starting with taping the paracord to the bag. Big failure: after only a minute or two the water unstuck the tape and I was reduced to carrying the bag in my left hand again. The next design tweak was to replace the outer bag with one that had handles, to which I could tie the paracord. Better, but a disturbing amount of water got into the outer bag — acceptable — of which some got into the inner bag — definitely not acceptable. Tomorrow’s attempt will involve me trying to turn over the top of the second bag so that the water would have to climb uphill to get in. If that doesn’t work, I have enough paracord that I might even make a macrame bag. Maybe.

UPDATE

A couple of friends contacted me ask whether I knew about boat bags. I didn’t, but a quick search turned up loads, including some that might very well be exactly what I need. Even better, one of those friends, Katie, is putting a selection of boat bags in the post for me so that I may borrow the most appropriate one. Thank you, Katie.

Fireplace reflection

Composite of two exposures. The snowy view outside is reflected in a tapestry that sits in the fireplace.

Lying on the sofa this morning, I noticed that I could see a reflection of the snowy landscape in the glass of the framed tapestry that stands in our fireplace. I liked the way the window frame made abstract patterns, and the snowy scene outside seemed to be rendered extremely clearly. If you look closely at the reflection of the window frame, for example, you can see the tapestry in the backround.

When I came to shoot it, however, I had two problems. First, the difference in distances to the fireplace and to the original of the reflection meant that it would be extremely difficult to get it all in focus. I chose not to try, but to focus on the snow. Second, there was too much dynamic range to capture in a single frame, so I made a composite of two images, one exposed for the fireplace and the other exposed for the snow.

Learned optimism

I was recently asked what I thought of Barbara Ehrenreich’s writing on a positive attitude to cancer. I hadn’t read much of what she has written, but I found a piece on the Guardian that I believe sums up her opinion quite well. In brief, she finds that positive thinking is touted as an unthinking mantra, despite the lack of evidence that it actually makes a difference to clinical outcomes. Its proponents are quite aggressive in preaching the gospel, and seem on the whole to be fairly unsympathetic to those who can’t maintain that positive attitutude, no matter how they try. Moreover, they have no answer to the person who does maintain a positive attitude but whose condition worsens anyway. What can someone in that situation feel, except that they have failed?

In those circumstances, the “positive thinkers” are nothing less than cruel.

How does that square with my oft-stated wish to remain upbeat and positive. I think my approach is very different. I don’t welcome cancer as a gift. Alarmingly, some positive thinkers encourage cancer patients to do exactly that, according to Ehrenreich. Instead, I take the approach to optimism taught by Martin Seligman and others of the Positive Psychology movement. In his book Learned Optimism, Seligman shows that you can distinguish optimistic from pessimistic people by looking at how they react to events, both positive and negative. For example, the reaction could be “Oh, yes, that sort of thing is always happening to me.” You can’t tell from the reaction whether the event is perceived as good or bad. If it was a good event, then the reaction was very optimistic, whereas if the event were bad, then the reaction would be very pessimistic.

The reactions can be analysed for three things: how general the description of the event is; how pervasive in time; and how personal. A pessimistic person might say of a good event “Oh yeah, he compliments people like that all the time,” or “it was a lucky chance.”

An optimistic person treats bad events the same way as a pessimistic one treats good events. Both types seem to work hard to entrench themselves in a certain mood. I know which mood I would rather be in, and Seligman tells me that I can largely choose: people can choose their reactions so as to account for up to 57% of their mood. That is a huge proportion, and essentially gives the lie to the idea that there are naturally optimistic and pessimistic people.

I choose to be optimistic. That doesn’t mean that I take the view that all shall be well, no matter what. It means that when something happens I look for a positive explanation of the event. For example, when I found that my cancer had spread, putting it into stage M1, or stage IV depending on how you count stages, I could have taken that as entirely bad news. But I knew that the cancer had spread only to lymph nodes, and not to major organs. I’ll feel a lot better in the future, simply because my organs aren’t involved. That is something to be pleased about. I have countless other examples, too.

My attitude is different from positive thinking, because it is rooted in the facts of my case. The events happen, I choose how to react. I don’t react the same way no matter what the events are. For me that is a critical distinction. So far, it works. My mood is generally rather good, and I like it that way. It makes coping with the crap that much easier.

Crisis in the next bed

The day that I started my chemotherapy, it was clear that the person in the next bed, who I’ll call PNB for anonymity, had been having a rough day. He had needed a lot of care, and was clearly in some distress. But towards the evening, things seemed a little more comfortable and by the time I fell asleep, briefly, at midnight, the ward was quiet. True, PNB’s curtains were drawn around his bed, meaning that even though apparently stable, he wasn’t doing as well as he might.

I woke a couple of hours later in pain, and needing to urinate — recall that I was very heavily hydrated as part of the chemotherapy. Suddenly one of PNB’s family was sent running for a nurse. There were sounds of distress from the next bed, so it was with some relief I heard the nurses walking up. Another medical person was sent for, and the three of them started work.

Over the next three hours these three battled through various difficulties, all the time displaying standards of professionalism such as I have never seen. Three or four times it seemed to me, listening behind the curtains, that huge problems were met, confronted and overcome, with only what was available in the middle of the night, and boundless courage. At times the difficulties pressed more heavily than I thought anyone could bear, but the team all rallied around, worked their information–decision–action loop again and again, and it got them through. At about 5 a.m. PNB seemed once again stable.

I felt amazingly privileged to have witnessed, even at a remove, an episode that was so frequently trying, so frequently almost past hope, yet was recovered every time by this team of people working relentlessly as a true team. They supported each other professionally, medically, emotionally, in short in every way possible. Their principle tool for that appeared to me to be the information–decsion–action loop, as I could hear it being invoked all the time. And boy! did it work. It was an utter inspiration to me that you don’t have to be flattened by events, you can manage yourself and them, no matter how difficult, provided you apply that one discipline.

I couldn’t help but tell the team the following morning how impressed I had been with what they had achieved that night. Thankfully, it was taken in the right spirit. I realized later was that I was certain that everyone on that ward would have behaved similarly. I don’t believe there is a better group of people caring for cancer sufferers anywhere in the world, and I am humbled that I have been lucky enough to be cared for by all of them.

First chemo

After trials, tribulations, and postponements I finally got my date, and went into hospital on Monday this week, as planned. There was still plenty of snow around, so we decided that it would be safer to get a professional driver to take me. Stuart, the taxi driver, was great. He drove sensibly in the conditions and I never had a moment’s worry.

I’ll try to remember accurately, but my memory of these events might not be perfect. Please forgive any errors of fact. They are the fault of my memory, not faults in what took place.

After being clerked in, the first order of business was pre-hydration, on a drip, overnight. In other words a litre of saline was pumped into my blood stream, and I had to monitor how much I urinated. I still had an infection that wasn’t quite clear, so only two of the three chemotherapy drugs that I normally expect to have would be given me.

On Tuesday, my birthday, the cisplatin drip started, preceded by an injection to help me cope with the sickness. I also started taking various pills to help with the sickness. These worked extremely well, and I hardly had any bad moments from that point on. After the cisplatin drip was finished, there were two other drips, with potassium and sodium salts, to help my kidneys cope. It was a very long process indeed, and I was glad I hadn’t tried to compress it into a single day. Some people do. I don’t know how.

I found it very difficult to sleep on Tuesday night, partly because there was a crisis in the bed next to mine, and partly because I was just not at all sleepy. The experience of that night is one of the most important I have ever had in my life, and I want to describe it more fully in a separate post.

On Wednesday the pump for the 5-FU was fitted, and I was sent home in an ambulance. Paul and Martin were great company on the drive home, and we had a lot of fun. The whole of Wednesday was great fun, in fact, something that surprised me greatly, but pleased me a lot. What a pity it turned out to be chemically-induced fun! Nevertheless, I want to try to remember how that day felt. It was a good feeling at the time, and I’d love to be able to recapture it for every cycle start. I was happy to talk with people, both staff and patients, and have fun conversations with anyone. I think other people enjoyed my company too. It was a lovely feeling, and well worth the attempt to recapture.